Club Tunicate Styela clava Photo by Janna Nichols	Transparent Ciona Tunicate Ciona savignyi Photo by Janna Nichols	Invasive Didemnum Didemnum sp. Photo by Gretchen Lambert

NPR/KUOW spot - May 2008 - by reporter/local diver Ann Dornfeld

Tacoma News Tribune article - March 2008 - by Susan Gordon

What's a tunicate?

Commonly called "Sea Squirts" and part of the group called Urochordates, tunicates are a group of marine animals that appear to be shaped much like a blob or a tube, with two siphons in the top, and an outer covering called a tunic. They can be small to medium sized, and can be solitary or live in colonies. Although they appear to be a simple creature, they're actually quite complex on the inside, and are more closely related to humans than any other marine invertebrate. The Pacific NW is home to several species of native tunicates. But they're not the problem...

What's the problem?

Some tunicates, called Invasive Tunicates, can find their way from other parts of the world to our local waters - Puget Sound and Hood Canal - and have no natural predators here. They can reproduce quickly and can crowd out or kill populations of local native marine species. There is a growing concern that Washington's shellfish industry may be affected.

How do they get here?

In spite of Washington State Law, ballast water from container ships occasionally is illegally discharged into Puget Sound and may contain larvae of potentially harmful species originating from other parts of the world. However, while this may be the pathway for many invasive species, it's not likely that this is how invasive tunicates have come to our area. Another method of introduction is through imported shellfish stock. It is likely that some Invasive Tunicates, specifically the ones plagueing south Hood Canal, arrived in our local waters through this method.

How can I help?

The Puget Sound Partnership and other government agencies are anxious to determine how widely these tunicates have spread in Puget Sound and Hood Canal, and if there might be a chance to control them before they take a firm root in our waters. We are asking all recreational divers to keep an eye out for them and then report it! Early efforts to isolate and treat tunicates in the Pacific Northwest have been very effective, and prompt action is critical! Report your sightings by calling: 1-800-54-SOUND

Can you show me how to identify them?

But of course!

For more info on invasive species: